8/22/2023 0 Comments Taurine effects my psoriasis![]() Too many unfolded proteins signal an ER stress response associated with reduced protein synthesis and increased expression of chaperones, malfunction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ultimately cell death. 2 Normally, the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and folds them properly with the help of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones. Studies examining the mechanisms of TUDCA and UDCA action have shown that these compounds act as potent inhibitors of apoptosis by interfering with the mitochondrial pathway of cell death, inhibiting oxygen-radical production, and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase activation ( Figure 1). 1 UDCA was originally US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved for the treatment of certain cholestatic liver diseases based on its choleretic effects and ability to protect hepatocytes from hydrophobic bile acids. T/UDCA has been studied for its ameliorating effects on inflammatory metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and renal disease. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid produced only by intestinal bacteria. ![]() A growing number of pre-clinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of this simple, naturally occurring bile acid, which has been used in Chinese medicine for more than 3000 years. Obesity, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, and a long list of acute and chronic non-liver diseases associated with apoptosis are all potential therapeutic targets for T/UDCA. It has been shown to reduce ER stress associated with elevated glucose levels in diabetes by inhibiting caspase activation, up-regulating the UPR, and inhibiting reactive oxygen species. In addition, TUDCA plays an important role in protecting against cell death in certain retinal disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa. ![]() Several studies have demonstrated that TUDCA serves as an anti-apoptotic agent for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Both UDCA and TUDCA are potent inhibitors of apoptosis, in part by interfering with the upstream mitochondrial pathway of cell death, inhibiting oxygen-radical production, reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stabilizing the unfolded protein response (UPR). There is a growing body of research on the mechanism(s) of TUDCA and its potential therapeutic effect on a wide variety of non-liver diseases. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a US Food and Drug Administration–approved hydrophilic bile acid for the treatment of certain cholestatic liver diseases.
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